Microbiome protects the large intestine with nicotinic acid

As we mentioned above, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid sections. Statistical data suggests that the risk of disease and the functional characteristics of these sections vary significantly. A recent study has revealed that these differences are determined by the composition of the intestinal microbiome, which regulates the biological identity of each region.

The researchers identified nicotinic acid as a key factor in regional differences. This compound, also known as niacin or vitamin B3, is produced by certain groups of bacteria during the metabolic process. Nicotinic acid is essential for cells to convert nutrients into energy and maintain their vitality.

When laboratory mice with normal microbiota were compared to those without a microbiome, significant differences were observed. In the upper intestines of healthy mice, bacteria produced a high concentration of nicotinic acid, which activated protective functions in the epithelial cells. In sterile mice, the production of this substance was almost non-existent, which made the tissues of the upper colon more susceptible to physical and pathological damage.

A study of human tissue samples confirmed the presence of similar regional characteristics and molecular patterns. An important result was the analysis of tissues from patients with Crohn’s disease, a chronic inflammatory condition caused by abnormal immune system activity. It was discovered that individuals with this diagnosis had a significantly reduced natural cell protection mechanism activated by nicotinic acid.

The authors of the work emphasize the need to study the interactions between the microbiome and the human body, taking into account the specifics of each specific intestinal region. The data obtained indicate that the microflora controls tissue protection depending on its location. In the future, the scientists plan to study the exact molecular pathways of this process in order to develop methods for treating intestinal disorders based on restoring the level of nicotinic acid in the affected areas.