Nature walks change brain function and reduce stress levels

The process of positive influence of nature begins with a change in the perception of sensory information. Fractal patterns characteristic of plants and landscapes are processed by the brain much more easily than the dense and rapidly changing visual stimuli of modern cities. This requires less mental effort and creates a base for further relaxation. This is followed by a calming of stress systems: the heart rate slows down, breathing becomes deeper, and the activity of the amygdala, responsible for detecting threats, decreases markedly.

An important effect is the restoration of cognitive resources. After reducing stress levels, the brain switches from focused attention, necessary for solving everyday tasks, to a more gentle mode, guided by the environment. At the same time, the mental bubblegum subsides — the work of neural networks associated with repeated negative thoughts about oneself. This helps to gain peace and inner stability.

Positive changes in the brain are recorded after just three minutes of being in the natural environment. The effect is observed on different levels: from simple contemplation of houseplants or photographs of landscapes to complete immersion in the forest atmosphere. At the same time, a longer and deeper interaction with nature provides the strongest and most lasting result, which cannot be achieved by simply abandoning digital devices.

The results of the scientists’ work support the development of “social purpose” programs, when doctors officially recommend walking in parks as part of therapy. The green design of cities is no longer a matter of aesthetics, becoming a tool for maintaining the mental health of the population. It has been established that people who feel connected to nature not only feel better, but also more often exhibit environmentally responsible behavior.

Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of nature’s effects helps to take a fresh look at urban planning and workplace organization. Access to natural areas is recognized as a prerequisite for the prevention of emotional burnout and chronic stress. Concern for the preservation of the natural environment turns out to be inextricably linked with maintaining the working capacity and health of the human brain.