Physical activity controls the health of internal organs

Human skeletal muscles perform not only a motor task, but also work as an endocrine organ — that is, an organ that produces and releases hormones into the bloodstream to control other systems. During physical activity, muscle fibers release hundreds of biologically active molecules called myokines. These substances serve as a means of communication between muscles and the brain, liver, adipose tissue, and bones.

One of the key myokines is interleukin-6 (IL-6). It is a signaling protein, the level of which increases by 100 times during intense training. IL-6 suppresses inflammatory processes in the body and activates metabolism. It promotes the breakdown of visceral fat (internal fat surrounding the abdominal organs) and increases cell sensitivity to insulin. As a result, regular exercise reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

The interaction between muscles and the nervous system occurs through the so-called “muscle-brain” axis. When muscles contract, they release proteins called irisin and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor). These proteins trigger neurogenesis, the process of forming new nerve cells. This process is particularly active in the hippocampus, a region of the brain responsible for memory and learning. Therefore, muscle activity directly protects the brain from age-related degradation and cognitive impairments.

Myokines also regulate the immune system by stimulating the growth and division of immune cells. This enhances immune surveillance, allowing the body to quickly identify and eliminate damaged or foreign cells. In the cardiovascular system, substances released during exercise cause vasodilation (dilation of blood vessels), which reduces blood pressure and heart strain.

In addition, muscle activity affects the strength of the skeleton. Muscle hormones stimulate the activity of osteoblasts, cells that create new bone tissue. This is essential for preventing osteoporosis. Research also suggests that myokines can slow down the growth of malignant tumors in the early stages by activating immune system killer cells. Such data confirms that movement is not just a useful addition to a healthy lifestyle, but a prerequisite for maintaining the biological balance of all body systems.